How to Play 12 String Guitar: A Symphony of Strings and Imagination

The 12-string guitar is a fascinating instrument that offers a rich, full sound, making it a favorite among musicians who want to add depth and texture to their music. Unlike the standard 6-string guitar, the 12-string guitar has double the number of strings, which are paired in courses. Each course consists of two strings that are tuned either in unison or an octave apart. This unique configuration creates a chorus-like effect that can make even simple chords sound complex and beautiful.

Understanding the Basics

Before diving into playing the 12-string guitar, it’s essential to understand its basic structure. The guitar typically has six courses, with each course containing two strings. The lower four courses (E, A, D, and G) are usually tuned in octaves, while the higher two courses (B and high E) are tuned in unison. This tuning gives the 12-string guitar its distinctive sound.

Tuning the 12-String Guitar

Tuning a 12-string guitar can be a bit more challenging than tuning a standard 6-string guitar due to the increased number of strings. However, with patience and practice, it becomes easier. Here’s a step-by-step guide to tuning your 12-string guitar:

1. Start with the Low E Course: Tune the lower E string to the standard E2 (82.41 Hz). Then, tune the higher E string in the same course to E3 (164.81 Hz), which is an octave higher.
2. Move to the A Course: Tune the lower A string to A2 (110 Hz) and the higher A string to A3 (220 Hz).
3. Proceed to the D Course: Tune the lower D string to D3 (146.83 Hz) and the higher D string to D4 (293.66 Hz).
4. Tune the G Course: Tune the lower G string to G3 (196 Hz) and the higher G string to G4 (392 Hz).
5. Tune the B Course: Both strings in the B course are tuned to B3 (246.94 Hz).
6. Finish with the High E Course: Both strings in the high E course are tuned to E4 (329.63 Hz).

Playing Techniques

Playing the 12-string guitar requires some adjustments in technique compared to the 6-string guitar. Here are some tips to help you get started:

1. Finger Placement: Due to the doubled strings, you’ll need to press down harder on the fretboard to ensure both strings in a course ring out clearly. This can be challenging at first, but your fingers will strengthen over time.
2. Strumming and Picking: When strumming, aim to hit both strings in each course evenly. For picking, you can choose to pluck both strings in a course simultaneously or individually, depending on the desired effect.
3. Chord Shapes: Many chord shapes on the 12-string guitar are similar to those on the 6-string guitar, but the doubled strings add complexity. Practice transitioning between chords to build muscle memory.
4. Capo Use: Using a capo on a 12-string guitar can change the key without altering the chord shapes. This is particularly useful for singers who need to adjust the pitch to suit their vocal range.

Exploring the Sound

The 12-string guitar is known for its lush, jangly sound, which is perfect for genres like folk, rock, and blues. Here are some ways to explore and enhance the sound of your 12-string guitar:

1. Open Tunings: Experiment with open tunings to create unique sounds. Open G (D-G-D-G-B-D) and Open D (D-A-D-F#-A-D) are popular choices that can add a new dimension to your playing.
2. Fingerpicking: Fingerpicking on a 12-string guitar can produce intricate, harp-like sounds. Try playing arpeggios or fingerstyle patterns to highlight the guitar’s tonal richness.
3. Slide Guitar: Using a slide on a 12-string guitar can create haunting, resonant tones. This technique is especially effective in open tunings.
4. Effects Pedals: Incorporating effects pedals like reverb, delay, or chorus can further enhance the 12-string guitar’s natural sound. Experiment with different settings to find what works best for your style.

Maintenance and Care

Proper maintenance is crucial to keep your 12-string guitar in top condition. Here are some tips:

1. Regular Tuning: Due to the increased tension from the doubled strings, 12-string guitars can go out of tune more quickly. Make it a habit to tune your guitar before each playing session.
2. String Changes: Change your strings regularly to maintain optimal sound quality. When changing strings, replace them one at a time to maintain tension on the neck.
3. Humidity Control: Keep your guitar in a controlled environment to prevent warping or cracking. Use a humidifier if you live in a dry climate.
4. Cleaning: Wipe down your guitar after each use to remove oils and dirt. Use a soft cloth and guitar polish to keep the finish looking new.

Related Q&A

Q: Can I use standard guitar strings on a 12-string guitar? A: No, 12-string guitars require specific sets of strings designed for their unique tuning and tension. Using standard guitar strings can damage the instrument.

Q: Is it harder to play a 12-string guitar compared to a 6-string guitar? A: Yes, the increased number of strings and higher tension can make it more challenging to play, especially for beginners. However, with practice, it becomes more manageable.

Q: What genres of music are best suited for the 12-string guitar? A: The 12-string guitar is versatile and can be used in various genres, but it is particularly popular in folk, rock, and blues music due to its rich, full sound.

Q: How often should I change the strings on my 12-string guitar? A: It depends on how frequently you play, but generally, you should change the strings every 2-3 months to maintain optimal sound quality.

Q: Can I use a capo on a 12-string guitar? A: Yes, using a capo on a 12-string guitar is common and can help you change keys without altering chord shapes. Just ensure the capo is designed to handle the increased tension of the doubled strings.